Hosting is one of thran ine most haunting task for a developer. With all the expertie in development, you never know the kind of errors you might ran into by not properly deploying your code. Hosting can be tough especially with the lack of resources or the knowledge of it. We will try to get behind the hosting steps to figure out a way to secure your hosted EC2 backend along with giving it a subdomain. Let's start with it.

Problem Statement

Suppose that you have deployed your backend on an AWS instance at an IP xx.xx.xx.xx, port pp and the URL to access your backend is xx.xx.xx.xx:pp (Notice the http and not https in the URL, eg - http://192.168.0.0:2000 ). You have hosted your frontend at any other service with a URL example.com. Now, by convention http and https requests can't communicate in modern browsers until you accept your browser to go in insecure mode. So the problem is to convert xx.xx.xx.xx:pp into api.example.com because you want a more meaningful endpoint while coding ahead.

Assumptions and Pre-requisites

1. Your backend and frontend is working perfectly on insecure channels like localhost.

2. You have example.com domain bought from any of the service provider, we will use GoDaddy for this article, but any other domain provider will work just fine.

3. Your backend is hosted on AWS EC2 instance. We are scoping it for EC2 in this article.

Solution Steps

1. Install Nginx

   To get the SSL working, we need to first setup Nginx server. To do that open the terminal of aws, enter into ssh instance (ssh ubuntu@xx.xx.xx.xx) and install Nginx package

    sudo apt-get install nginx
   

   As Nginx registers itself under firewalls, you can check its installation by

    sudo ufw app list
   

   Output:

   

2. Enable Nginx

   Allow the permissions to nginx full and openssh to act as firewalls. You can do this by writing

    sudo ufw allow 22/tcp
    sudo ufw allow 'nginx full'
   

   After installing Nginx, you must enable it. First of all, check if the firewall is enabled by typing

    sudo ufw status
   

   There are two cases - active/inactive.

   If ufw is inactive, enable the ufw by using

    sudo ufw enable
   

   If ufw is active, reload the ufw

    sudo ufw reload
   

   After this Check the status of ufw by

    sudo ufw status
   

   and it should output something like

   

3. Install certbot

   After allowing nginx the access for your backend application, install certbot to generate a free SSL certifcate on your system.

    sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
   

4. Get the subdomain

   Now, go to the domain provider (GoDaddy in this case) and go to Manage DNS -> Add an A record -> Type your subdomain (Here, api) in Name column and Your Ip (i.e. xx.xx.xx.xx) without http in the value. As soon as the A record is created, you will have a subdomain api.example.com accessible to you.

5. Generate Certificate

   Generate the SSL certificate using certbot on EC2 instance by typing the command

    sudo certbot --nginx -d api.example.com
   

   You will get an option of whether you want to redirect http calls or not, select 2 (i.e. to redirect http calls to https) and move ahead. You will have your certificate generated.

6. Create Reverse Proxy

   After generating the certificate, the only thing left is to create a reverse proxy because nginx works at port 80 and your application might be working at any other port, say 8080 for example. So inside your ssh session go to the default sites-available file in nginx by typing

    sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
   

   It opens the editor with the default file. Add the following piece of code in the file

    server{ 
    server_name api.example.com;
   
    location / {
                    # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                    # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
                    proxy_pass http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8080;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
            proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
            }
    }
   

   Leave all other parts as it is. That's it, api.example.com should now be up and running.

   Note - There are multiple ways to achieve the SSL with subdomain and every method works just fine. I ahve explained something that I tried and worked.

   Thank you for reading through, looking forward to hear your feedback.